yakpa hari-hari kalian di akhir semester ini sodara.??
mumet-menggila-atou apakah?
kami para anggota escariez juga mengalami sindrom akhir semester(last semester syndrome-buat istilah sendiri).
coba anda bayangkan.
+ 1 minggu ada 7 hari.
+ setiap hari ada tugas yang kira kira butuh waktu 3 hari-an lebih(ndaktau kalo tugasx matematika atau OR yg ditulis tangan).
+ dengan 2 tangan dan 2 kaki apakah dapat kita selesaikan tugas2 tersebut??.
+ apalagi ditambah dengan kemampuan menulis yang parah dan kemampuan mengetik 11 jari...
+ tambah ruwet ae rek.!
tp santai wae lah rek..
wong Tuhan iku lo mesti gae cobaan iku gak kiro sing angel2...^^
____________________________________________________________________
ini tulisan maaf kalo amat sangat ndak penting.
tp saya cuma memberi suatu inspirasi untuk membuat kita semakin semangat....(maaf bila anda semakin ruet)
sekian..
posted by absensatu.with Avolution in his lips.
Tutorial Membuat Distro berbasis Ubuntu
Perhatian : Postingan kami kali ini menggunakan bahasa inggris..(soalnya kopas dari websitna ubuntu..males nrensletna...^^) The process of customizing or "remastering" Ubuntu install CDs is not especially complex, but it is a little tedious and finicky. This page documents all the problems you might find; if it doesn't, please edit it! The Ubuntu install CD (since Ubuntu 6.06, the 'alternative install' or 'server' CD) has three main parts: a boot-loader (ISOLINUX on AMD64/x86 systems, yaboot on PowerPC) and its configuration, which starts everything up; debian-installer (also known as d-i), which in this case is really a specialized miniature Ubuntu system; and a Debian-style repository structure, which is what takes up all that space on the disk in the directories "pool" and "dists". Building a new CD may involve modifications to all three parts. This page shows a simple recipe for customizing the CD. It assumes that you copy the contents of the install CD to /opt/cd-image/ on your local system and create a couple of other dirs in /opt/. Modify as needed. Use the "complete list of download mirrors" http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/downloadmirrors#mirrors Then select correct Ubuntu version and from the next page start downlaoding the iso file from "Alternate install CD" section. Server version should also work. Copy the entire installation CD to a directory on your hard drive. This guide will assume your CD image is in /opt/cd-image/, but you can put it wherever you like. It will take around 1GB of hard drive space. If you have an ISO file, you can mount it and copy files out of it without burning it to CD: mount -o loop /path/to/iso /some/mountpoint. Use "Gmount-iso" program for a GUI method of mounting iso files. You can also try "ISO Master" to access the iso file directly without mounting. You can use rsync to copy the CD: or just Be sure to catch the folder .disk - if you try and copy /cdrom/*, it will ignore the .disk folder, as Bash expands the * to mean "everything it can see". If you use a filemanager program like Nautilus, be sure to launch it with "gksu nautilus" and mark "Show Hidden Files" from "View" menu or you miss some important files. After the copy is done, change file ownership from "root" if you don't plan to do the rest of the work with sudo. When the CD boots up, a Linux kernel is started and the installation tasks are initiated. The installer's default behavior can be modified through the use of a "preseed" file, which feeds d-i answers to questions normally asked by debconf, or in other contexts. If you look in the preseed folder in the install CD, you'll see that certain options (e.g. "server", "expert", "oem") already have preseed files assigned to them. The Hardy (8.04) installation guide has a detailed appendix on preseeding. Suppose you are installing Ubuntu on a bunch of identical computers, and you already know the answers to certain questions (what country and time zone you're in, what keyboard you have, how the network should be configured, how you want to partition the hard disk, etc). You can "preseed" the answers to these questions in a very simple configuration file. We will create a preseed file called 'firewall.seed', which will live in the /preseed folder of the CD-ROM. We tell d-i where to find this file by modifying the boot-loader configuration file, located in isolinux/isolinux.cfg (For Intrepid/8.10 modify isolinux/text.cfg), to pass appropriate parameters on the kernel command line. In /opt/cd-image/isolinux/isolinux.cfg, add a new section labeled like this: If you want to set the default selected menu item to your custom seed, change the DEFAULT line to read 'DEFAULT firewall'. For totally automatic installation with predefined language in Intrepid / 8.10 try this (Note that the example uses Estonia for all language settings): To make the installer autochoose the default option and start installing after a timeout then add this line to isolinux/isolinux.cfg (correct location for 8.10 also). (10 stands for 1 second) You must specify a locale and keyboard on the command line, as these questions are asked before the seed is loaded. You can also set DEBCONF_PRIORITY here to ensure you don't see any unnecessary debconf questions. (On Ubuntu 6.06 and older, use kbd-chooser/method=us rather than console-setup/layoutcode=us.) A preseed file has 4 fields per line: It looks something like this (from the default ubuntu-server.seed on the 6.06 CD): The easiest way to create a preseed file is to start with an example and modify it: The Ubuntu installation guide (7.04, 7.10, 8.04, 8.10) has examples of many common preseed directives. (Bear in mind that you may need to modify some to work on older versions.) You could check out Debian's wiki page on preseeding the installer - 6.06 and higher are aligned with Etch and newer versions of the Debian installer, although there are some important differences that apply to preseeding. If you can't find the option you're looking for you can generate a comprehensive preseed file based on your own install time choices by using debconf-get-selections debconf-get-selections usage: This will output a list of all debconf options you've chosen throughout your install; you can pick options out of this and put them into your preseed file. base-config has been removed from debian-installer since Ubuntu 6.06. In Ubuntu 6.06 and older: In Ubuntu 6.10 and newer: (packages may be separated with commas and/or spaces and continued to another line with a back-slash): A different mechanism is used to install additional languages. Preseed the detailed locale question asked by the installer in expert mode. See the first column of /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED for the locale names you can use here. For example, to add support for Bengali and Tamil, use this line: You can run a script in the final part of the installation. The following example runs a script that has been copied onto the installation CD in the setup/install folder. This script runs in the target environment, thus can run python, perl, etc. - any scripting system that has been installed on the target system. Egon Ojamaa: When I tested the above command with Intrepid / 8.10 it did not work. I came up with my own command. It first copies the "finisher.sh" file to hard drive and launches it with chroot from hard drive within the system on hard drive. Probably the prime motivation to build your own install CDs is to modify which packages are installed; in particular you may want to add some packages to the CD. The easiest way to do this is to build an 'extras' repository structure, containing only your extra .debs, and merge these into the CD file hierarchy before rebuilding the .ISO image. This guide will step you through how to do this. This requires you to generate the Packages files that defines what files are in your repository; the Release file that indexes your Packages files, and the signed Release.gpg file, approving the repository as being official. Create directories for your new component (substituting your version where appropriate): Put all the extra .debs you want on your CD into pool/extras. Create the file dists/hardy/extras/binary-i386/Release with the following content: (For Intrepid / 8.10 change "hardy" to "intrepid" and "8.04" to "8.10") On the scripts page there is a useful script that will strip out all of the packages from your CD image that are not currently installed. You will need to run apt-ftparchive (below) to generate the Packages file. In order to sign the Release file, we need to use GPG. The install system will then check the signature against the public keys held in the package ubuntu-keyring. You do not have a private key that matches one of the ones in the shipped ubuntu-keyring, so we need to build a custom version of the ubuntu-keyring package. Install the gnupg package if you do not have it already. To create a signing key, enter gpg --gen-key. Accept the defaults, (for this use, it is probably OK to use "No expiry"). For your Real Name and E-mail address, you might like to use something like "XXX Signing Key" and "packages@xxx.example.org". Enter an appropriate passphrase. In another directory (I use /opt/build/), we will download the source for the ubuntu-keyring package, unpack it, add our own GPG key, and rebuild the package. These steps import the 2 Ubuntu public signing keys into your main keyring, then exports them, along with your own public signing key, into a replacement keyring. "YOURKEYID" should be replaced with the 8-digit hexadecimal code that gpg tells you when you do the --list-keys command."Signing Key Name" is what you used in the previous step, when running gpg --gen-key. To clarify, below is an example 'gpg --list-keys' response. In this example, "YOURKEYID" immediately follows the '/' on the line beginning with 'pub' (which in this example is '437D05B5'.) Here is an example, which you will need to customize to suit your own setup: You will end up with a udeb file for the installer, and a .deb file for the system. Both files need to be copied into themain component of your CD, because the CD will not check the extras directory. apt-ftparchive builds the Packages and Packages.gz files, needed by the installer. In order to use apt-ftparchive we will need to provide it with some configuration and some index files. We will put the index files in /opt/indices: (For Intrepid / 8.10 change "DIST=hardy" to "DIST="intrepid") Create the files apt-ftparchive-deb.conf, apt-ftparchive-udeb.conf, apt-ftparchive-extras.conf, and release.conf in a directory (/opt/apt-ftparchive), substituting /opt/cd-image/ for the path to your CD image directory, and /opt/indices/for the location of the index files, if they differ. /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-deb.conf: (For Intrepid / 8.10 change all words "hardy" to "intrepid") The ExtraOverride component above is needed to add the Task: line to main packages, referenced from the preseed file with ~t (For Intrepid / 8.10 change all words "hardy" to "intrepid") /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-udeb.conf: (For Intrepid / 8.10 change all words "hardy" to "intrepid") /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-extras.conf: (For Intrepid / 8.10 change all words "hardy" to "intrepid") release.conf This is the configuration file for apt-ftparchive. Change to suit your distribution version: (For Intrepid / 8.10 change all words "hardy" to "intrepid" and "8.04" to "8.10") To build the repository, sign it, and update the MD5SUM file, you can use a script like this: (For Intrepid / 8.10 change "DISTNAME=hardy" to "DISTNAME=intrepid") "YOURKEYID" is the key id you put in your own compiled keyring package before. At this point, you have a directory which is ready to be collected into an .ISO file and then burnt to a CD. x86 and AMD64 Power PC Download the HFS map, then use the following command: ia64 To detect the location of your CD drive, try cdrecord --scanbus. For a primary IDE CD drive on /dev/hdc: You will burn a lot of coasters in experimenting with this process, so please use rewritable media! You can now boot off your CD. Select the new menu item you created. If you've used preseeding to stop the CD asking questions, the installation could be totally automatic. Nah. Apakah anda paham? mari kita sama-sama memahaminya.^^ source : di sini
kepengin buat soalna gosip2 tentang tugas dri pak RDJ yg kira2 agak mbulet
okai... ini dia..
You might speed up the development cycle by using a virtual Ubuntu session, for example, using VirtualBox. You can then use the .ISO file to test rather than burning a CD. If you do, please note that you need to perform ALL operations described here on the GUEST system. Note that with VirtualBox, during an installation Host-key-F4 will display the installation output and Host-key-F1 will return you to the general status screen. Note that the host key is set to right-Ctrl by default.
This guide is for the Alternative Install or Server Install CDs. There is another page referring to customization of the Desktop/Live CD.Get the Alternate CD image
Copy the CD to your hard drive
rsync -av /cdrom/ /opt/cd-image
mkdir -p /opt/cd-image
cp -rT /cdrom /opt/cd-imageModify installer behaviour using a Preseed file
Changing isolinux.cfg to identify your preseed
LABEL firewall
menu label ^Firewall installation
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append preseed/file=/cdrom/preseed/firewall.seed debian-installer/locale=en_NZ console-setup/layoutcode=us initrd=/install/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=16384 root=/dev/ram rw quiet --label myinstall
menu label ^My Custom Install Config
kernel /install/vmlinuz
append file=/cdrom/preseed/firewall.seed debian-installer/locale=et_EE console-setup/layoutcode=et localechooser/translation/warn-light=true localechooser/translation/warn-severe=true initrd=/install/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=16384 root=/dev/ram rw quiet
--timeout 10
Writing the preseed file
# Always install the server kernel.
d-i base-installer/kernel/override-image string linux-server
# Don't install usplash.
d-i base-installer/kernel/linux/extra-packages-2.6 string
# Desktop system not installed; don't waste time and disk space copying it.
d-i archive-copier/desktop-task string ubuntu-standard
d-i archive-copier/ship-task string
# Only install the standard system and language packs.
d-i pkgsel/install-pattern string ~t^ubuntu-standard$
d-i pkgsel/language-pack-patterns string
# No language support packages.
d-i pkgsel/install-language-support boolean false The version of this file on some Breezy CD images was buggy: it set base-config/package-selection to "~tubuntu-standard" rather than "~t^ubuntu-standard$". Use the new format in preference; the old one will break with Ubuntu 6.06 and newer.) d-i expects there to be exactly one tab or space between variable type and variable value (any other space is seen as being part of the value)sudo apt-get install debconf-utils # It is part of the debconf-utils package.
debconf-get-selections --installer > somefile.txt
debconf-get-selections >> somefile.txt debconf-get-selections prints 2 spaces between variable type and variable value. You need to change this to one space before putting the line in a preseed file.Installing extra packages in your preseed file
d-i pkgsel/install-pattern string ~t^ubuntu-standard$|~n^openssh-server$
d-i pkgsel/include string gstreamer0.10-plugins-base \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-good \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly \
gstreamer0.10-plugins-badInstalling language support
d-i localechooser/supported-locales multiselect bn_IN, ta_IN
Running a Final Script
d-i preseed/late_command string chroot /target bash /cdrom/setup/install/settings.sh
d-i preseed/late_command string cp /cdrom/finisher/finisher.sh /target/root/; chroot /target chmod +x /root/finisher.sh; chroot /target bash /root/finisher.sh
Modify pool structure to include more packages
Create an "Extras" component
cd /opt/cd-image
mkdir -p dists/hardy/extras/binary-i386 pool/extras/Archive: hardy
Version: 8.04
Component: extras
Origin: Ubuntu
Label: Ubuntu
Architecture: i386Generating a new ubuntu-keyring .deb to sign your CD
gpg --list-keys
pub 1024D/437D05B5 2006-09-08
uid XXX Signing Key
sub 2048g/79164387 2006-09-08cd /opt/build
sudo apt-get install fakeroot # requires the fakeroot package which may not be installed on your system.
apt-get source ubuntu-keyring
cd ubuntu-keyring-2008.03.04/keyrings
gpg --import < ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
gpg --list-keys "Signing Key Name"
gpg --export FBB75451 437D05B5 YOURKEYID > ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg
cd .. # you are now on ubuntu-keyring-2008.03.04
dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -m"Your Name
cd .. # you are now on the directory where you started, in the example, /opt/build
cp ubuntu-keyring*deb /opt/cd-image/pool/main/u/ubuntu-keyringBuilding the repository with apt-ftparchive
If you will be adding .deb files to pool/universe (eg. customizing xubuntu) you will also need to wget extra.universe and universe files.mkdir -p /opt/indices /opt/apt-ftparchive
cd /opt/indices/
DIST=hardy
for SUFFIX in extra.main main main.debian-installer restricted restricted.debian-installer; do
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/indices/override.$DIST.$SUFFIX
done The .conf files shown here are sufficient if you are ONLY making changes to .deb files under pool/main and pool/restricted. If you are adding security updates to a xubuntu customized CD, though, you will be updating .deb files under pool/universe also, so you will need to add lines to apt-ftparchive-deb.conf for universe, similar to the lines shown for main. You will also need to run extraoverride.pl for universe as well as for main - see below.Dir {
ArchiveDir "/opt/cd-image/";
};
TreeDefault {
Directory "pool/";
};
BinDirectory "pool/main" {
Packages "dists/hardy/main/binary-i386/Packages";
BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.hardy.main";
ExtraOverride "/opt/indices/override.hardy.extra.main";
};
BinDirectory "pool/restricted" {
Packages "dists/hardy/restricted/binary-i386/Packages";
BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.hardy.restricted";
};
Default {
Packages {
Extensions ".deb";
Compress ". gzip";
};
};
Contents {
Compress "gzip";
}; Run this similarly for universe if customizing xubuntu and adding new .deb files to pool/universe.# extraoverride.pl
# generate ExtraOverride file
# use as follows :-
# extraoverride.pl < /opt/cd-image/dists/hardy/main/binary-i386/Packages >> /opt/indices/override.hardy.extra.main
while (<>) {
chomp;
next if /^ /;
if (/^$/ && defined($task)) {
print "$package Task $task\n";
undef $package;
undef $task;
}
($key, $value) = split /: /, $_, 2;
if ($key eq 'Package') {
$package = $value;
}
if ($key eq 'Task') {
$task = $value;
}
}Dir {
ArchiveDir "/opt/cd-image/";
};
TreeDefault {
Directory "pool/";
};
BinDirectory "pool/main" {
Packages "dists/hardy/main/debian-installer/binary-i386/Packages";
BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.hardy.main.debian-installer";
};
BinDirectory "pool/restricted" {
Packages "dists/hardy/restricted/debian-installer/binary-i386/Packages";
BinOverride "/opt/indices/override.hardy.restricted.debian-installer";
};
Default {
Packages {
Extensions ".udeb";
Compress ". gzip";
};
};
Contents {
Compress "gzip";
};Dir {
ArchiveDir "/opt/cd-image/";
};
TreeDefault {
Directory "pool/";
};
BinDirectory "pool/extras" {
Packages "dists/hardy/extras/binary-i386/Packages";
};
Default {
Packages {
Extensions ".deb";
Compress ". gzip";
};
};
Contents {
Compress "gzip";
};APT::FTPArchive::Release::Origin "Ubuntu";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Label "Ubuntu";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Suite "hardy";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Version "8.04";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Codename "hardy";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Architectures "i386";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Components "main restricted extras";
APT::FTPArchive::Release::Description "Ubuntu 8.04 LTS";BUILD=/opt/cd-image
APTCONF=/opt/apt-ftparchive/release.conf
DISTNAME=hardy
pushd $BUILD
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF generate /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-deb.conf
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF generate /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-udeb.conf
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF generate /opt/apt-ftparchive/apt-ftparchive-extras.conf
apt-ftparchive -c $APTCONF release $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME > $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME/Release
gpg --default-key "YOURKEYID" --output $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME/Release.gpg -ba $BUILD/dists/$DISTNAME/Release
find . -type f -print0 | xargs -0 md5sum > md5sum.txt
popdBurning the CD
Building the ISO image
IMAGE=custom.iso
BUILD=/opt/cd-image/
mkisofs -r -V "Custom Ubuntu Install CD" \
-cache-inodes \
-J -l -b isolinux/isolinux.bin \
-c isolinux/boot.cat -no-emul-boot \
-boot-load-size 4 -boot-info-table \
-o $IMAGE $BUILDIMAGE=custom.iso
BUILD=/opt/cd-image/
mkisofs -r -V "Custom Ubuntu Install CD" \
--netatalk -hfs -probe -map hfs.map \
-chrp-boot -iso-level 2 -part -no-desktop \
-hfs-bless $BUILD/install \
-hfs-volid Ubuntu/PowerPC_hardy \
-o $IMAGE $BUILDIMAGE=custom.iso
BUILD=/opt/cd-image/
mkisofs -r -V 'Custom Ubuntu Install CD' \
-o $IMAGE -no-emul-boot \
-J -b boot/boot.img -c boot/boot.catalog $BUILDBurning the image to CD
sudo nice -18 cdrecord dev=ATA:0,1,0 --speed=24 --blank=fast -v -gracetime=2 -tao $IMAGE
Testing